Evaluation of serum vitamin D levels in premenopausal women with iron deficiency anemia
Methods: A total of 97 female premenopausal women aged 18-44 were included in the study. Fifty patients with hemoglobin levels below 12 mg/dl and iron deficiency were classified as IDA group, and 47 subjects with hemoglobin levels of 12 mg/dl and above were classified as control group. The demographic data and biochemical parameters of all patients included in the study were analyzed.
Results: The vitamin D of the patient group was found to be 7.87 ± 3.63 ng/ml and the vitamin D of the control group was 11.84 ± 6.72 ng/ml. The difference between the groups was statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between serum vitamin D and serum hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum MCH, serum iron level, transferrin saturation index, ferritin.
Conclusions: In the light of the results of our study and other studies in the literature, we think that vitamin D deficiency may be important in patients with IDA and that vitamin D deficiency in these individuals will contribute to the regulation of anemia due to positive effects of vitamin D on both erythropoiesis and hepcidin in IDA are considered. However, larger studies are needed to clarify this issue.
1. Ganz T, Nemeth E. Iron imports. IV. Hepcidin and regulation of body iron metabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;290:G199-203.
2. Oner AF, Bay A. [Iron deficiency anemia]. Türkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2005;1:7-15. [Article in Turkish]
3. Diaz-Castro J, Alferez MJ, Lopez-Aliaga I, Nestares T, Granados S, Barrionuevo M, et al. Influence of nutritional iron deficiency anemia on DNA stability and lipid peroxidation in rats. Nutrition 2008;24:1167-73.
4. Aslan M, Horoz M, Kocyigit A, Ozgonul S, Celik H, Celik M, et al. Lymphocyte DNA damage and oxidative stress in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Mutat Res 2006;601:144-9.
5. Coghetto Baccin A, Lauerman Lazzaretti L, Duarte Martins Brandao V, Manfredini V, Peralba MC, Silveira Benfato M. Oxidative stress in older patients with iron deficiency anaemia. J Nutr Health Aging 2009;13:666-70.
6. Hollick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Am J ClinNutr 2004; 80 (6suppl): S1678-88.
7. Ward LM. Vitamin D deficiency in the 21st century: a persistent problem among Canadian infants and mothers. CMAJ 2005;172:769-70.
8. Heaney RP. Long-latency deficiency disease: insights from calcium and vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:912- 9.
9. Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, Drechsler C, de Boer RA. Vitamin D deficiency and heart disease. Kidney Int Suppl 2011;1:111-5.
10. Chen S, Sims GP, Chen XX, Gu YY, Chen S, Lipsky PE. Modulatory effect of 1,25 dihydroxyvitaminD3 on human B cell differentiation. J Immunol 2007;179:1634-47.
11. Blazsek I, Farabos C, Quittet P, Labat ML, Bringuier AF, Triana BK, et al. Bone marrow stromal cell defects and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 deficiency underlying human myeloid leukemias. Cancer Detect Prev 1996;20:31-42.
12. Reichel H, Koeffler HP, Norman AW. The role of the vitamin D endocrine system in health and disease. N Engl J Med 1989;320:980-91.
13. Norman AW. Minireview: vitamin D receptor: new assignments for an already busy receptor. Endocrinology 2006;147:5542-8.
14. Alon DB, Chaimovitz C, Dvilansky A, Lugassy G, Douvdevani A, Shany S, et al. Novel role of 1, 25 (OH)(2)D(3) in induction of erythroid progenitor cell proliferation. Exp Hematol 2002;30:403-9.
15. Lanzkowsky P. İron-deficiency anemia. Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 3rd ed., USA: Academic Press, 2000;33-47.
16. Prasad AN, Prasad C. Iron deficiency; non-hematological manifestations. Prog Food Nutr Sci 1991;15:255-83.
17. Ramakrishnan U, Aburto N, McCabe G, Martorell R. Multimicronutrient interventions but not vitamin A or iron interventions alone improve child growth: results of 3 meta-analyses. J Nutr 2004;134:2592-602.
18. Isler M, Delibas N, Guclu M, Gultekin F, Sutcu R, Bahceci M, Kosar A. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes of patients with ıron deficiency anemia: effects of different modalities. Croat Med J 2002;43 16-9.
19. Vural H, Erel Ö, Koçyiğit A, Sabuncu T. [Oxidative stress in erythrocytes of patients with iron deficiency anemia]. Genel Tıp Dergisi 1997;7:77-80. [Article in Turkish]
20. Kumerova A, Lece A, Skesters A, Silova A, Petuhovs V. Anaemia and antioxidant defence of the red blood cells. Mater Med Pol 1998;30:12-5.
21. Yoo JH, Maeng HY, Sun YK, Kim YA, Park DW, Park TS, et al. Oxidative status in iron-deficiency anemia. J Clin Lab Anal 2009;23:319-2.
22. İmazeki I, MatsuzakiJ, Tsuji K, Nishimura T. Immunomodulating effect of vitamin D3 derivaties on type-1 cellular immunity. Biomed Res 2006;27:1-9.
23. Modan M, Halkın H, Karasık A, Lusky A. Elevated serum uric acid: a facet of hyperinsulinemia. Diabetologia 1987;30:713-8.
24. Saab G, Young DO, Gincherman Y, Giles K, Norwood K, Coyne DW. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the safety and effectiveness of monthly ergocalciferol in hemodialysis patients. Nephron Clin Pract 2007;105:c132-8.
25. Aucella F, Scalzulli RP, Gatta G, Vigilante M, Carella AM, Stallone C. Calcitriol increases burst-forming unit-erythroid proliferation in chronic renal failure. A synergistic effect with r-HuEpo. Nephron Clin Pract 2003;95:c121-7.
26. Perlstein TS, Pande R, Berliner N, Vanasse GJ. Prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in subgroups of elderly persons with anemia: association with anemia of inflammation. Blood 2011;117:2800-6.
27. Sim JJ, Lac PT, Liu IL, Meguerditchian SO, Kumar VA, Kujubu DA, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and anemia: a cross-sectional study. Ann Hematol 2010;89:447-52.
28. Lee JA, Hwang JS, Hwang IT, Kim DH, Seo J-H, Lim JS. Low vitamin D levels are associated with both iron deficiency and anemia in children and adolescents. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2015;32:2:99-108.
29. Thomas CE, Guillet R, Queenan RA. Vitamin D status is inversely associated with anemia and serumerythropoietin during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102:1088-95.
30. Meguro S, Tomita M, Katsuki T, Kato K, Oh H, Ainai A, et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin d is independently associated with hemoglobin concentration in male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2011;2011:362981.
31. Zittermann A, Jungvogel A, Prokop S, Kuhn J, Dreier J, Fuchs U, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is an independent predictor of anemia in end-stage heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol 2011;100:781-8.
32. Ganz T, Nemeth E. Hepcidin and iron homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012;1823:1434-43.
33. Carvalho C, Isakova T, Collerone G, et al. Hepcidin and disordered mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease. Clin Nephrol 2011;76:90-8.
34. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007;357:266-81.
Copyright (c) 2020 The European Research Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Downloads
Article Information
- Article Type Research Article
- Submitted February 21, 2026
- Published May 3, 2020
- Issue Vol. 6 No. 3 (2020)
- Section Research Article
